StopAndStare
05-26-2008, 12:32 AM
Technical Definitions
Account is a combination of a username and password that allows the user to log on to a network, computer system, or application.
Administrative User A user assigned to supervise all or a portion of an application/system.
AES an encryption standard defind by the united states gov't.
Audit To conduct the independent review and examination of system records and activities.
Audit Trail A chronological record of system activities that is sufficient to enable the reconstruction, reviewing and examination of the sequence of environments and activities surrounding or leading to an operation, a procedure, or an event in a transaction from its inception to final results.
Auditor An authorized individual or role, with administrative duties, which include selecting the events to be audited on the system, setting up
the audit flags that enable the recording of those events, and analyzing the trail of audit events.
Authenticate To verify the identity of a user, device, or other entity in a computer system, often as a prerequisite to allowing access to resources in a system. (2) To verify the integrity of data that have been stored, transmitted, or otherwise exposed to possible unauthorized modification.
Authenticated User A user who has accessed an application/system with a valid identifier and authentication combination.
Authorization The granting of access rights to a user, program, or process.
Batch:as opposed to interactive processing. In batch processing, a computer does not perform tasks as soon as requested, but groups similar jobs together into batches and carries them out together at some later time.
BIA - Business Impact Analysis identifies the organization's critical applications/systems and the estimated outage time that can be tolerated. Risk assessment and qualitative and quantitative analysis are performed to evaluate all potential threats and the amount of potential loss.
Black Hat - term describing a "cracker" who uses his or her skills for malicious purposus, such as deleting files and crashing computers
Boot Virus a virus that infects the boot sector of a disk
Business Continuity Plan - (BCP) All encompassing term covering both disaster recovery planning and business resumption planning. This umbrella term also refers to other aspects of disaster recovery, such as emergency management, human resources, media or press relations, etc. From the National Institute of Standards and Technology perspective - BCP identifies procedures for sustaining essential business operations while recovering from a significant disruption. This plan addresses the business processes and is Information Technology based only in its support for the business processes.
Business Resumption Plan - BRP is the operations piece of business continuity planning and provides procedures for recovering business operations immediately following a disaster. This plan requires the existence of documentation of critical business functions that need to be recovered for business processes to continue and addresses the business processes. It is not Information Technology based. The IT focus only supports the business processes.
C/C++ popular programing language used to write most operating systems such as linux, windows, and microsoft word
Classification of Data - data that is identified by sensitivity levels. The data
owner classifies the data and is responsible for ensuring the security controls are commensurate with each classification level. Business classification levels are usually divided into levels of public, sensitive, private, or confidential.
Compiler a program taht converts source code into an executable program
Cracker 1. a malicious hacker 2. a type of program that can defete encryption or copy protection
Public If disclosed, it will not cause harm to the organization, environment, or personnel
Sensitive Any information, the disclosure of which could damage the organization, environment, business partners, customers, or other third parties (e.g. social security numbers, credit card numbers, etc.)
Private Any information, the disclosure of which could cause serious damage to the organization, environment, business partners, customers, or other third parties (e.g. salary information, medical records, etc.)
Confidential Any information, the disclosure of which could cause grave damage to the organization, environment, business partners, customers, or other third parties (e.g. trade secrets, high-clearance security information, etc.)
CSI/FBI The "Computer Crime and Security Survey" is conducted by CSI (Computer Security Institute) with the participation of the San Francisco Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) Computer Intrusion Squad. The aim of this effort is to raise the level of security awareness, as well as help determine the scope of computer crime in the United States.
Data Information with a specific physical representation. Data can exist in a variety of forms -- as numbers or text on pieces of paper, as bits and bytes stored in electronic computer memory, or as facts stored in a person's mind.
Data Integrity The property that data meet an a priori expectation of quality.
Data Owner Usually a member of senior management of an organization that is ultimately responsible for ensuring the protection and use of the organization's data.
Data Custodian Role delegated by the data owner that has the responsibility of the maintenance and protection of the organization's data.
Degree of Criticality The standard five-category criticality classification scheme is comprised of: highly critical, critical, priority, required, and deferrable. Each of these categories has a time period during which the application or system must be recovered within. The business requirements should determine which category the application or system belongs to.
Dial-up access is a temporary, as opposed to dedicated, connection between two computers (Internet or network) established over a standard phone line, using a modem at each end of the telephone circuit.
Disaster Recovery (DR) is a coordinated activity to enable the recovery of IT/business systems due to a disruption. DR can be achieved by restoring IT/business operations at an alternate location, recovering IT/business operations using alternate equipment, and/or performing some or all of the affected business processes using manual methods.
Disclosure Permitting access, release, transfer, or other communication of confidential, private, or sensitive information, either orally, in writing, by electronic means, or by any other means to any party.
Discretionary Access Control (DAC) A means of restricting access to objects based on the identity and need-to-know o the user, process and/or groups to which they belong. The controls are discretionary in the sense that a subject with a certain access permission is capable of passing that permission (perhaps indirectly) on to any other subject.
Due Care Organization has taken the necessary steps to protect resources and personnel from possible risks. This is usually implemented through the development of security policies, procedures, and standards. If an organization does not practice due care pertaining to the security of its resources and personnel it can be legally liable for negligence and held accountable for the ramifications of that negligence.
Due Diligence Implementing security policies and the mechanisms that support them demonstrates due diligence. The security mechanisms are continually maintained and operational. If an organization does not practice due diligence pertaining to the security of its assets it can be legally liable for negligence and held accountable for the ramifications of that negligence.
Encryption The transformation of plaintext (also called cleartext or that which is in an understandable format) into ciphertext (unreadable format). Encryption is accomplished using an algorithm (set of mathematical functions) and an encryption "key" (secret sequence of bits and instructions).
Exposure A state in a computing system (or set of systems) which is not a universal vulnerability
Firewall utility designed to keep intruders out of a network
Formal Security Policy Model A mathematically precise statement of a security policy. Such a model must represent the initial state of a system, the way in which the system progresses from one state to another state, and a definition of a "secure" state of the system.
Hacking is the unauthorized use, or attempts to circumvent or bypass the security mechanisms of an information system or network. The term "hacker" refers to individuals who gain unauthorized access to computer systems for the purpose of stealing and corrupting data. Hackers, themselves, maintain that the proper term for such individuals is cracker.
Hardware The physical or mechanical devices that comprise a computer system, such as the central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, and mouse, as well as other equipment like printers and speakers. The physical components of a computing system, as contrasted to software -- the logical instructions that manipulate the hardware and work on the data.
Identification The process that enables recognition of an entity by a system, generally by the use of unique machine-readable user names.
Identity Theft Identity theft is the deliberate assumption of another person's identity, usually to gain access to their credit or frame them for some crime. It can also be used to enable illegal immigration, terrorism, espionage, or change identity permanently. It may be a means of blackmail, especially if medical privacy or political privacy has been breached, and revealing the activities undertaken by the thief under the name of the victim would have serious consequences (e.g. loss of job or marriage). Identity theft is usually the result of serious breaches of privacy.
Incident An event that has caused or has the potential to cause damage to an organization's business systems, facilities, or personnel.
Incident Handling Primary goal is to contain and repair any damage caused by an event and to prevent any further damage.
Integrity Sound, unimpaired or perfect condition.
Internal Security Controls Hardware, firmware and software features within a system that restrict access to resources (hardware, software, and data) to authorized subjects only (persons, programs, or devices).
Least Privilege This principle requires that each subject in a system be granted the most restrictive set of privileges (or lowest clearance) needed for the performance of authorized tasks. The application of this principle limits the damage that can result from accident, error, or unauthorized use.
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) A means for restricting access to objects based on the sensitivity (as represented by a label) of the information contained in the objects and the formal authorization (i.e., clearance) of subject to access information.
Networks A computer network is a group of computers that are linked so that information can travel between the computers. The computers could be in the same room and linked via copper cables, or located in different countries, linked by satellites, phone lines or fibre optic cables. The Internet is one of the world's largest networks. Wireless networks transmit information over public airwaves (the same used by television, radio, and cell phones).
OES Office of Enterprise Security.
Penetration The successful act of bypassing the security mechanisms of a system.
Pharming involves Trojans programs, worms, or other virus technologies that attack the Internet browser address bar and is much more sophisticated than phishing. When users type in a valid URL they are redirected to the criminals' websites instead of the intended valid website.
Phishing is the act of tricking someone into giving them confidential information or tricking them into doing something that they normally wouldn't do or shouldn't do. For example: sending an e-mail to a user falsely claiming to be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering private information that will be used for identity theft.
Physical Security Controls:
Key Pads are usually placed near a door to let you operate your system and can function as an input device to allow the user to enter a code for physical access to a secured area. Most often, the keypad informs you of the status of the system (e.g. armed, disarmed, etc.).
Proximity badges are cards/badges that identify individuals to a physical area or computer system using the access control system. If authenticated, access is allowed.
Biometric devices are security devices that verify personal characteristics such as fingerprints, hand size, signatures, voiceprints, or eye pictures for authentication to the access control system.
Pilot A test application or system that is used to determine requirements or issues that may arise when implemented in a production environment. A pilot system is a test system, not a production system.
Production Environment Where an application or system resides that hosts actual / real data (as opposed to test data) or is available on a publicly accessible network or server.
Process A program in execution.
Risk Possibility of something damaging happening (i.e. threat agent exploiting a vulnerability) to a system, environment, or personnel.
Risk Management Process of identifying, assessing, and reducing the risk to an acceptable level and implementing the right mechanisms to maintain that level of risk.
Risk Assessment/Analysis A method of identifying risks and determining the possible damage that could be caused in order to justify security safeguards. The 3 main goals are: identify risks, quantify the impact of the potential threats and provide an economic balance between the impact of risk and the cost of the safeguard.
Safeguard Security countermeasure that operates as a protection mechanism to a threat
SDLC Systems Development Life Cycle is a detailed and specific set of procedures, steps, and documents that carry a project through its technical development. It includes an Initiation Phase, Planning Phase, Functional Design Phase, System Design Phase, Development Phase, Integration and Testing Phase, Installation and Acceptance Phase, and Maintenance Phase.
Security Level The combination of a hierarchical classification and a set of non-hierarchical categories that represents the sensitivity of information.
Security Policy The set of laws, rules, and practices that regulate how an organization manages, protects, and distributes sensitive information.
Security-Relevant Event Any event that attempts to change the security state of the system, (e.g., change discretionary access controls, change the security level of the subject, change user password). Also, any event that attempts to violate the security policy of the system (e.g., too many attempts to log in, attempts to violate the mandatory access control limits of a device, attempts to downgrade a file).
Security Testing A process used to determine that the security features of a system are implemented as designed. This includes hands-on functional testing, penetration testing, and verification.
Software is any data, information, designs, or ideas, which were, are, or will become, computer files, programs, systems of programs, or related input or output data. It may be recorded in any form, including electronically, magnetically, optically, or on paper, and may or may not be located inside a computer system
SOM State of Michigan
Spoofing An attempt to gain access to a system by posing as an authorized user. Synonymous with impersonating, masquerading or mimicking.
Steganography the science of hiding information like text in another medium, such as a graphic file, sound file, or another text file
Test Plan A document or a section of a document that describes the test conditions, data, and coverage of a particular test or group of tests.
Test Program A program which implements the test conditions when initialized with the test data and which collects the results produced by the program being tested.
Threat Possibility that vulnerability may be exploited to cause harm to a system, environment, or personnel.
Unauthorized access is gaining access into any computer, network, storage medium, system, program, file, user area, or other private repository, without the express permission of the owner. Unauthorized access is the same as theft.
Verification The process of comparing two levels of system specification for proper correspondence (e.g., security policy model with top-level specification, top-level specification with source code, or source code with object code). This process may or may not be automated.
Viruses
Virus: A virus is a program or code that attaches itself to a legitimate, executable program, and then reproduces itself when that program is run.
Worm: A self-contained program (or set of programs) that is able to spread copies of itself to other computer systems. Usually takes place through network connections or email attachments. Worm Loves Emily.
Trojan Program: A program that neither replicates nor copies itself, but performs some illicit activity when it is run. It stays in the computer doing its damage or allows somebody from a remote site to take control of the computer.
Visual Basic a program sold by Microsoft that lets you visually designe a program and then write BASIC commands to make the program work.
Vulnerability Any fact about a computer system that is a legitimate security concern
Warez:Widely used to denote cracked or pirate versions of commercial software. In other words, illegal pirated software.
White hat-"hacker" term used to describe a hacker who uses his or her skill for constructive uses such as guarding against malicious black hats
Domain Name Meanings
Domain is the distinguished part of an abstract or physical space where something exists, is performed, or valid. For example, we may talk about: domain of interest, domain of activity. This concept is used in every branch/sector/field of human activity.
.aero -- the air transport industry.
.asia -- companies. organisations and individuals in the Asia-Pacific region
.biz -- business use
.cat -- Catalan language/culture
.com -- commercial organizations, but unrestricted
.coop -- cooperatives
.edu -- post-secondary educational establishments
.gov -- government entities within the United States at the federal, state, and local levels
.info -- informational sites, but unrestricted
.int -- international organizations established by treaty
.jobs -- employment-related sites
.mil -- the U.S. military
.mobi -- sites catering to mobile devices
.museum -- museums
.name -- families and individuals
.net -- originally for network infrastructures, now unrestricted
.org -- originally for organizations not clearly falling within the other gTLDs, now unrestricted
.pro -- certain professions
.tel -- services involving connections between the telephone network and the Internet
.travel -- travel agents, airlines, hoteliers, tourism bureaus, etc.
Vanity ccTLDs
Vanity ccTLDs are TLDs which are used for various purposes outside their home countries, because of their name. For example,
.ad is a ccTLD for Andorra, but has recently been increasingly used by advertising agencies.
.ag is a ccTLD for Antigua and Barbuda and is sometimes used for agricultural sites. In Germany, AG (short for Aktiengesellschaft) is appended to the name of a stock-based company, similar to Inc. in USA.
.am is a ccTLD for Armenia, but is often used for AM radio stations, or for domain hacks (such as .i.am).
.as is a ccTLD for American Samoa. In Denmark and Norway, AS is appended to the name of a stock-based company, similar to Inc. in USA.
.cc is a ccTLD for Cocos (Keeling) Islands but is used for a wide variety of sites.
.cd is a ccTLD for Democratic Republic of Congo but is used for CD merchants and file sharing sites.
.dj is a ccTLD for Djibouti but is used for CD merchants and disc jockeys.
.fm is a ccTLD for the Federated States of Micronesia but it is often used for FM radio stations.
.gg is a ccTLD for Guernsey but it is often used by the gaming and gambling industry (with "gg" being the abbreviation for "good game"), particularly in relation to horse racing.
.im is a ccTLD for the Isle of Man but is often used by instant messaging programs and services.
.in is a ccTLD for India but is widely used in the internet industry.
.it is a ccTLD for Italy but is used in domain hacks (e.g. .has.it).
.je is a ccTLD for Jersey but is often used as a diminutive in Dutch (e.g. "huis.je"), as "you" ("zoek.je" = "search ye!"), or as "I" in French (e.g. "moi.je")
.la is a ccTLD for Laos but is marketed as the TLD for Los Angeles.
.li is a ccTLD for Liechtenstein but is marketed as the TLD for Long Island.
.md is a ccTLD for Moldova, but is marketed exclusively to the medical industry (as in "medical domain" or "medical doctor").
.me is a ccTLD for Montenegro, and is recently opened to individuals.
.mu is a ccTLD for Mauritius, but is used within the music industry.
.nu is a ccTLD for Niue but marketed as resembling "new" in English and "now" in Nordic/Dutch. Also meaning "nude" in French/Portuguese.
.sc is a ccTLD for Seychelles but is often used as .Source
.to is a ccTLD for Tonga but is often used as the English word "to", like "go.to"
.tv is a ccTLD for Tuvalu but it is used for the television ("tv")/entertainment industry purposes.
.ws is a ccTLD for Samoa (earlier Western Samoa), but is marketed as .Website
.vu is a ccTLD for Vanuatu but means "seen" in French as well as an abbreviation for the English language word "view".
List of ccTLDs
*=Foreign registration permitted
.ac – Ascension Island *
.ad – Andorra
.ae – United Arab Emirates
.af – Afghanistan
.ag – Antigua and Barbuda *
.ai – Anguilla
.al – Albania
.am – Armenia *
.an – Netherlands Antilles
.ao – Angola
.aq – Antarctica
.ar – Argentina
.as – American Samoa *
.at – Austria *
.au – Australia
.aw – Aruba
.ax – Åland Islands
.az – Azerbaijan
.ba – Bosnia and Herzegovina
.bb – Barbados
.bd – Bangladesh
.be – Belgium *
.bf – Burkina Faso
.bg – Bulgaria
.bh – Bahrain
.bi – Burundi *
.bj – Benin
.bm – Bermuda
.bn – Brunei
.bo – Bolivia *
.br – Brazil *
.bs – Bahamas *
.bt – Bhutan
.bv – Bouvet Island (not in use; no registrations)
.bw – Botswana
.by – Belarus
.bz – Belize *
.ca – Canada
.cc – Cocos (Keeling) Islands *
.cd – Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly .zr – Zaire) *
.cf – Central African Republic
.cg – Republic of the Congo *
.ch – Switzerland *
.ci – Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)*
.ck – Cook Islands *
.cl – Chile
.cm – Cameroon
.cn – People's Republic of China *
.co – Colombia
.cr – Costa Rica
.cu – Cuba
.cv – Cape Verde
.cx – Christmas Island *
.cy – Cyprus
.cz – Czech Republic
.de – Germany
.dj – Djibouti *
.dk – Denmark *
.dm – Dominica
.do – Dominican Republic
.dz – Algeria
.ec – Ecuador
.ee – Estonia
.eg – Egypt
.eh – Western Sahara (not assigned; no DNS)
.er – Eritrea
.es – Spain *
.et – Ethiopia
.eu – European Union (code "exceptionally reserved" by ISO 3166-1)
.fi – Finland
.fj – Fiji *
.fk – Falkland Islands
.fm – Federated States of Micronesia *
.fo – Faroe Islands
.fr – France
.ga – Gabon
.gb – United Kingdom (Reserved domain by IANA; deprecated – see .uk)
.gd – Grenada
.ge – Georgia
.gf – French Guiana
.gg – Guernsey
.gh – Ghana
.gi – Gibraltar
.gl – Greenland *
.gm – Gambia
.gn – Guinea
.gp – Guadeloupe
.gq – Equatorial Guinea
.gr – Greece *
.gs – South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands *
.gt – Guatemala
.gu – Guam
.gw – Guinea-Bissau
.gy – Guyana
.hk – Hong Kong *
.hm – Heard Island and McDonald Islands *
.hn – Honduras *
.hr – Croatia
.ht – Haiti
.hu – Hungary *
.id – Indonesia
.ie – Ireland
.il – Israel *
.im – Isle of Man *
.in – India *
.io – British Indian Ocean Territory *
.iq – Iraq
.ir – Iran *
.is – Iceland *
.it – Italy
.je – Jersey
.jm – Jamaica
.jo – Jordan
.jp – Japan
.ke – Kenya
.kg – Kyrgyzstan
.kh – Cambodia
.ki – Kiribati
.km – Comoros
.kn – Saint Kitts and Nevis
.kp – North Korea
.kr – South Korea
.kw – Kuwait
.ky – Cayman Islands
.kz – Kazakhstan *
.la – Laos *
.lb – Lebanon
.lc – Saint Lucia
.li – Liechtenstein *
.lk – Sri Lanka
.lr – Liberia
.ls – Lesotho *
.lt – Lithuania
.lu – Luxembourg
.lv – Latvia *
.ly – Libya *
.ma – Morocco
.mc – Monaco
.md – Moldova *
.me – Montenegro
.mg – Madagascar
.mh – Marshall Islands
.mk – Republic of Macedonia
.ml – Mali
.mm – Myanmar
.mn – Mongolia *
.mo – Macau
.mp – Northern Mariana Islands *
.mq – Martinique
.mr – Mauritania
.ms – Montserrat *
.mt – Malta
.mu – Mauritius *
.mv – Maldives
.mw – Malawi *
.mx – Mexico *
.my – Malaysia
.mz – Mozambique
.na – Namibia *
.nc – New Caledonia
.ne – Niger
.nf – Norfolk Island *
.ng – Nigeria
.ni – Nicaragua
.nl – Netherlands *
.no – Norway
.np – Nepal
.nr – Nauru *
.nu – Niue *
.nz – New Zealand *
.nc.tr – North Cyprus *
.om – Oman
.pa – Panama
.pe – Peru
.pf – French Polynesia
.pg – Papua New Guinea
.ph – Philippines *
.pk – Pakistan *
.pl – Poland *
.pm – Saint Pierre and Miquelon
.pn – Pitcairn Islands *
.pr – Puerto Rico *
.ps – Palestine *
.pt – Portugal *
.pw – Palau
.py – Paraguay
.qa – Qatar
.re – Réunion
.ro – Romania *
.rs – Serbia *
.ru – Russia *
.rw – Rwanda
.sa – Saudi Arabia
.sb – Solomon Islands *
.sc – Seychelles *
.sd – Sudan
.se – Sweden *
.sg – Singapore
.sh – Saint Helena *
.si – Slovenia
.sj – Svalbard and Jan Mayen islands (not in use; no registrations)
.sk – Slovakia
.sl – Sierra Leone
.sm – San Marino *
.sn – Senegal
.so – Somalia * (down, still is delegated to Monolith [ml.org] Philadelphia, an entity defunct since end-1998)
.sr – Suriname *
.st – São Tomé and Príncipe *
.su – Soviet Union (deprecated; being phased out; code "transitionally reserved" by ISO 3166-1)
.sv – El Salvador
.sy – Syria *
.sz – Swaziland *
.tc – Turks and Caicos Islands
.td – Chad
.tf – French Southern Territories
.tg – Togo *
.th – Thailand *
.tj – Tajikistan *
.tk – Tokelau *
.tl – East Timor (formerly .tp) *
.tm – Turkmenistan *
.tn – Tunisia
.to – Tonga *
.tp – East Timor (deprecated – use .tl; code "transitionally reserved" by ISO 3166-1)
.tr – Turkey
.tt – Trinidad and Tobago *
.tv – Tuvalu *
.tw – Taiwan *
.tz – Tanzania
.ua – Ukraine
.ug – Uganda *
.uk – United Kingdom (code "exceptionally reserved" by ISO 3166-1) (see also .gb)
.us – United States *
.uy – Uruguay
.uz – Uzbekistan
.va – Vatican City
.vc – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines *
.ve – Venezuela
.vg – British Virgin Islands *
.vi – United States Virgin Islands
.vn – Vietnam
.vu – Vanuatu *
.wf – Wallis and Futuna
.ws – Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) *
.ye – Yemen
.yt – Mayotte
.yu – Serbia and Montenegro
.za – South Africa *
.zm – Zambia
.zw – Zimbabwe
Vista’s Keyboard Shortcuts
General
These shortcuts can make your computer easier to use
ALT+double-click
Display properties for the selected item
ALT+ENTER
Display properties for the selected item
ALT+ESC
Cycle through items in the order in which they were opened
ALT+F4
Close the active item, or exit the active program
ALT+PRINT SCREEN
Copies an image of the selected window to the clipboard
ALT+SPACEBAR
Open the shortcut menu for the active window
ALT+TAB
Switch between open items
ALT+underlined letter
Perform the menu command (or other underlined command)
ALT+Up Arrow
View the folder one level up in Windows Explorer
CTRL+A
Select all items in a document or window
CTRL+ALT+DEL
Displays options for: Lock This Computer, Switch User, LogOff, Change a Password and Start Task Manager
CTRL+ALT+TAB
Use the arrow keys to switch between open items
CTRL+C
Copy the selected item
CTRL+Down Arrow
Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph
CTRL+ESC
Open the Start menu
CTRL+F4
Close the active document (in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
CTRL+Left Arrow
Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word
CTRL+Right Arrow
Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word
CTRL+SHIFT with an arrow key
Select a block of text
CTRL+SHIFT+ESC
Open Task Manager
CTRL+Up Arrow
Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph
CTRL+V
Paste the selected item
CTRL+X
Cut the selected item
CTRL+Y
Redo an action
CTRL+Z
Undo an action
DELETE
Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin
ESC
Cancel the current task
F1
Display Help
F10
Activate the menu bar in the active program
F2
Rename the selected item
F3
Search for a file or folder
F4
Display the Address bar list in Windows Explorer
F5
Refresh the active window
F6
Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop
Left ALT+Left SHIFT+NUM LOCK
Turn Mouse Keys on or off
Left ALT+Left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (or PRTSCRN)
Turn High Contrast on or off
Left Arrow
Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu
NUM LOCK for five seconds
Turn Toggle Keys on or off
PRINT SCREEN
Copies an image of the entire screen to the clipboard
Right Arrow
Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu
Right SHIFT for eight seconds
Turn Filter Keys on and off
SHIFT five times
Turn Sticky Keys on or off
SHIFT when inserting a CD
Prevent the CD from automatically playing
SHIFT with any arrow key
Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document
SHIFT+DELETE
Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle Bin first
SHIFT+F10
Display the shortcut menu for the selected item
SHIFT+right-click
Shows alternative commands for the selected object
Microsoft Keyboard Only
The following shortcuts require the key, originally found only on Microsoft brand keyboards, but now almost universal on any PC keyboard.
Open or close the Start menu
+ CTRL +F
Search for computers (if you are on a network)
+ CTRL +TAB
Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Windows Flip 3-D
+BREAK
Display the System Properties dialog box
+D
Display the desktop
+E
Open Computer
+F
Search for a file or folder
+G
Cycle through Sidebar gadgets
+L
Lock your computer (if you are connected to a network domain), or switch users (if you’re not connected to a network domain)
+M
Minimize all windows
+R
Open the Run dialog box
+SHIFT+M
Restore minimized windows to the desktop
+SPACEBAR
Bring all gadgets to the front and select Windows Sidebar
+T
Cycle through programs on the taskbar
+TAB
Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Windows Flip 3-D
+U
Open Ease of Access Center
+X
Open Windows Mobility Center
Dialog Boxes
The following shortcuts will work in dialog boxes.
ALT+underlined letter
Perform the command (or select the option) that goes with that letter
Arrow keys
Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons
BACKSPACE
Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Move back through tabs
CTRL+TAB
Move forward through tabs
ENTER
Replaces clicking the mouse for many selected commands
F1
Display Help
F4
Display the items in the active list
SHIFT+TAB
Move back through options
SPACEBAR
Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box
TAB
Move forward through options
Windows Explorer
The following shortcuts will work in dialog boxes.
ALT+D
Select the Address bar
ALT+Left Arrow
View the previous folder
ALT+Right Arrow
View the next folder
END
Display the bottom of the active window
HOME
Display the top of the active window
Left Arrow
Collapse the current selection (if it is expanded), or select the parent folder
NUM LOCK+ASTERISK (*) on numeric keypad
Display all subfolders under the selected folder
NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN (-) on numeric keypad
Collapse the selected folder
NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN (+) on numeric keypad
Display the contents of the selected folder
Right Arrow
Display the current selection (if it is collapsed), or select the first subfolder
Windows Vista Media Center
Windows Vista Media Center - Keyboard
The following shortcuts are used to navigate the keyboard.
+ALT+ENTER
Open Windows Media Center or return to the Windows Media Center start screen
ALT+ENTER
Go in and go out of windowed mode
ALT+F4
Close Windows Media Center
Arrow Keys
Move left, right, up, or down
BACKSPACE
Go back to the previous screen
END
Go to the last item in a list
ENTER
Accept the selection
HOME
Go to the first item in a list
PAGE DOWN
Go to the next page
PAGE UP
Go to the previous page
Windows Vista Media Center - Audio
The following shortcuts are used to control audio.
CTRL+B
Replay an audio file or song
CTRL+D
Display the context menu
CTRL+F
Skip to the next song
CTRL+M
Go to Music
CTRL+P
Pause or resume an audio file or song
CTRL+R
Rip a CD
CTRL+SHIFT+C
Turn on or turn off closed captioning
CTRL+SHIFT+F
Fast forward a song
CTRL+SHIFT+P
Play an audio file or song
F10
Turn up volume
F8
Mute volume
F9
Turn down volume
Windows Vista Media Center - TV
The following shortcuts are used to control the TV.
CTRL+B
Skip back
CTRL+D
Display the context menu
CTRL+F
Skip forward
CTRL+G
Go to the Guide
CTRL+O
Go to Recorded TV
CTRL+P
Pause or resume live TV or recorded TV
CTRL+R
Record a TV show
CTRL+SHIFT+B
Rewind live TV or recorded TV
CTRL+SHIFT+F
Fast forward live TV or recorded TV
CTRL+SHIFT+P
Resume playing a TV show
CTRL+SHIFT+S
Stop recording or stop playing a TV show
CTRL+T
Go to live TV
PAGE DOWN
Go to the previous channel
PAGE UP
Go to the next channel
Windows Vista Media Center - Radio
The following shortcuts are used to play the Radio.
CTRL+A
Go to Radio
CTRL+B
Skip back
CTRL+D
Display the context menu
CTRL+F
Skip forward
CTRL+P
Pause or resume live radio
CTRL+SHIFT+P
Resume playing radio
CTRL+SHIFT+S
Stop live radio
Windows Vista Media Center - Pictures
The following shortcuts are used to view pictures.
CTRL+D
Display the context menu
CTRL+I
Go to Pictures
CTRL+P
Pause a slide show
CTRL+SHIFT+P
Play a slide show
CTRL+SHIFT+P
Play
CTRL+SHIFT+S
Stop a slide show
Down Arrow or Right Arrow
Skip forward to the next picture
ENTER
Zoom a picture in Picture Details
Up Arrow or Left Arrow
Skip back to the previous picture
Windows Vista Media Center - Videos
The following shortcuts are used to play videos.
CTRL+B
Skip back
CTRL+E
Go to Videos
CTRL+F
Skip forward
CTRL+P
Pause
CTRL+SHIFT+B
Rewind
CTRL+SHIFT+F
Fast Forward
CTRL+SHIFT+S
Stop
Windows Vista Media Center - DVDs
The following shortcuts are used to play DVDs.
Arrow Keys
Change the DVD angle
CTRL+B
Go to the previous chapter
CTRL+F
Go to the next chapter
CTRL+P
Pause
CTRL+SHIFT+A
Change the DVD audio selection
CTRL+SHIFT+B
Rewind
CTRL+SHIFT+F
Fast forward
CTRL+SHIFT+M
Go to the DVD menu
CTRL+SHIFT+P
Play
CTRL+SHIFT+S
Stop
CTRL+U
Change the DVD subtitles selection
Internet Explorer 7
Internet Explorer 7 - General
The following shortcuts are used to view and explore web pages in Internet Explorer 7.
ALT+ENTER
Open your search query in a new tab
ALT+H
Open the Help menu
ALT+HOME
Go to your home page
ALT+J
Open the RSS menu
ALT+L
Open the Help menu
ALT+Left Arrow
Go to the previous page
ALT+M
Open the Home menu
ALT+N
Move focus to the Information bar
ALT+O
Open the Tools menu
ALT+P
Open the Page menu
ALT+R
Open the Print menu
ALT+Right Arrow
Go to the next page
ALT+T
Open the Tools menu
BACKSPACE
Go to the previous page
CTRL+0
Zoom to 100%
CTRL+A
Select all items on the current webpage
CTRL+C
Copy the selected items to the Clipboard
CTRL+Down Arrow
Open the search provider menu
CTRL+E
Go to the search box
CTRL+F
Find on this page
CTRL+F5
Refresh the current webpage, even if the time stamp for the web version and your locally stored version are the same
CTRL+H
Open History
CTRL+I
Open Favorites
CTRL+J
Open Feeds
CTRL+Minus
Decrease zoom (- 10%)
CTRL+N
Open a new window
CTRL+O
Open a new website or page
CTRL+P
Print the current page or active frame
CTRL+Plus
Increase zoom (+ 10%)
CTRL+S
Save the current page
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Move backward between frames (only works if tabbed browsing is disabled)
CTRL+TAB
Move forward through frames and browser elements (only works if tabbed browsing is disabled)
CTRL+V
Insert the contents of the Clipboard at the selected location
CTRL+W
Close the current window (if you only have one tab open)
CTRL+X
Remove the selected items and copy them to the Clipboard
Down Arrow
Scroll toward the end of a document
END
Move to the end of a document
ENTER
Activate a selected link
ESC
Stop downloading a page
F1
Display Help
F11
Toggle between full-screen and regular views of the browser window
F5
Refresh the current webpage
F6
Move forward through frames and browser elements (only works if tabbed browsing is disabled)
HOME
Move to the beginning of a document
PAGE DOWN
Scroll toward the end of a document in larger increments
PAGE UP
Scroll toward the beginning of a document in larger increments
SHIFT+F10
Display a shortcut menu for a link
SHIFT+TAB
Move back through the items on a webpage, the Address bar, or the Links bar
SPACE
Click the Information bar
TAB
Move forward through the items on a webpage, the Address bar, or the Links bar
Up Arrow
Scroll toward the beginning of a document
Internet Explorer 7 - Tabs
The following shortcuts are used to work with tabs in Internet Explorer 7.
ALT+ENTER
Open a new tab in the foreground from the Address bar
CTRL+9
Switch to the last tab
CTRL+ALT+F4
Close other tabs
CTRL+click
Open links in a new tab in the background
CTRL+Q
Toggle Quick Tabs (thumbnail view) on or off
CTRL+SHIFT+click
Open links in a new tab in the foreground
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Switch between tabs
CTRL+T
Open a new tab in the foreground
CTRL+TAB
Switch between tabs
CTRL+W
Close current tab (or the current window if tabbed browsing is disabled)
CTRL+[n]
Switch to a specific tab number, where [n] is the number of the tab (from 1 to
Internet Explorer 7 - Print Preview
The following shortcuts are used to work with print preview in Internet Explorer 7.
ALT+A
Type the number of the page you want displayed
ALT+C
Close Print Preview
ALT+END
Display the last page to be printed
ALT+F
Specify how you want frames to print (this option is available only if you are printing a webpage that uses frames)
ALT+HOME
Display the first page to be printed
ALT+Left Arrow
Display the previous page to be printed
ALT+P
Set printing options and print the page
ALT+Right Arrow
Display the next page to be printed
ALT+U
Change paper, headers and footers, orientation, and margins for this page
Internet Explorer 7 - Address Bar
The following shortcuts are used to work with the address bar in Internet Explorer 7.
ALT+D
Select the text in the Address bar
CTRL+ENTER
Add “www.” to the beginning and “.com” to the end of the text typed in the Address bar
CTRL+Left Arrow
When in the Address bar, move the cursor left to the next logical break in the address (period or slash)
CTRL+Right Arrow
When in the Address bar, move the cursor right to the next logical break in the address (period or slash)
Down Arrow
Move back through the list of AutoComplete matches
F4
Display a list of addresses you’ve typed
Up Arrow
Move forward through the list of AutoComplete matches
Internet Explorer 7 - Feeds/History/Favorites
The following shortcuts are used to work with feeds, history, and favorites in Internet Explorer 7.
ALT+A
Open the Favorites menu from the menu bar
ALT+C
Open Favorites Center and display your favorites
ALT+Down Arrow
Move selected item down in the Favorites list in the Organize Favorites dialog box
ALT+I
Display all feeds (when in feed view)
ALT+M
Mark a feed as read (when in feed view)
ALT+S
Put cursor in Search box in feed view
ALT+Up Arrow
Move selected item up in the Favorites list in the Organize Favorites dialog box
ALT+Z
Open Add to Favorites menu (or open Subscribe to feed when in feed preview)
CTRL+B
Open the Organize Favorites dialog box
CTRL+D
Add the current page to your favorites (or subscribe to the feed when in feed preview)
CTRL+H
Open Favorites Center and display your history
CTRL+J
Open Favorites Center and display your feeds
CTRL+SHIFT+J
Open and dock the Favorites Center and display your feeds
Command Line
The following shortcuts are used to work within the Command Line window.
ALT+F7
Clear all entries in command buffer
Ctrl+Left Arrow
Move back one word
Ctrl+Right Arrow Move forward one word
Down Arrow
Display next command entered
End
Move to the end of line
ESC
Erase current line
F1
Repeat first character typed in preceding line (hit again for next)
F2
Repeat first character typed in preceding line up to a character you are prompted to enter
F3
Repeat text typed in preceding line
F7
Show all entries in command buffer
F9
Allows you to directly type in the number of the command you wish to activate from the command buffer.
Home
Move to beginning of line
PAGE DOWN
Display newest command entered
PAGE UP
Display oldest command entered
Up Arrow
Display previous command entered
-----------
If I missed anything please post it here.
If I made any spelling or grammatical mistakes please tell me.
-----------
Regards, StopAndStare
Account is a combination of a username and password that allows the user to log on to a network, computer system, or application.
Administrative User A user assigned to supervise all or a portion of an application/system.
AES an encryption standard defind by the united states gov't.
Audit To conduct the independent review and examination of system records and activities.
Audit Trail A chronological record of system activities that is sufficient to enable the reconstruction, reviewing and examination of the sequence of environments and activities surrounding or leading to an operation, a procedure, or an event in a transaction from its inception to final results.
Auditor An authorized individual or role, with administrative duties, which include selecting the events to be audited on the system, setting up
the audit flags that enable the recording of those events, and analyzing the trail of audit events.
Authenticate To verify the identity of a user, device, or other entity in a computer system, often as a prerequisite to allowing access to resources in a system. (2) To verify the integrity of data that have been stored, transmitted, or otherwise exposed to possible unauthorized modification.
Authenticated User A user who has accessed an application/system with a valid identifier and authentication combination.
Authorization The granting of access rights to a user, program, or process.
Batch:as opposed to interactive processing. In batch processing, a computer does not perform tasks as soon as requested, but groups similar jobs together into batches and carries them out together at some later time.
BIA - Business Impact Analysis identifies the organization's critical applications/systems and the estimated outage time that can be tolerated. Risk assessment and qualitative and quantitative analysis are performed to evaluate all potential threats and the amount of potential loss.
Black Hat - term describing a "cracker" who uses his or her skills for malicious purposus, such as deleting files and crashing computers
Boot Virus a virus that infects the boot sector of a disk
Business Continuity Plan - (BCP) All encompassing term covering both disaster recovery planning and business resumption planning. This umbrella term also refers to other aspects of disaster recovery, such as emergency management, human resources, media or press relations, etc. From the National Institute of Standards and Technology perspective - BCP identifies procedures for sustaining essential business operations while recovering from a significant disruption. This plan addresses the business processes and is Information Technology based only in its support for the business processes.
Business Resumption Plan - BRP is the operations piece of business continuity planning and provides procedures for recovering business operations immediately following a disaster. This plan requires the existence of documentation of critical business functions that need to be recovered for business processes to continue and addresses the business processes. It is not Information Technology based. The IT focus only supports the business processes.
C/C++ popular programing language used to write most operating systems such as linux, windows, and microsoft word
Classification of Data - data that is identified by sensitivity levels. The data
owner classifies the data and is responsible for ensuring the security controls are commensurate with each classification level. Business classification levels are usually divided into levels of public, sensitive, private, or confidential.
Compiler a program taht converts source code into an executable program
Cracker 1. a malicious hacker 2. a type of program that can defete encryption or copy protection
Public If disclosed, it will not cause harm to the organization, environment, or personnel
Sensitive Any information, the disclosure of which could damage the organization, environment, business partners, customers, or other third parties (e.g. social security numbers, credit card numbers, etc.)
Private Any information, the disclosure of which could cause serious damage to the organization, environment, business partners, customers, or other third parties (e.g. salary information, medical records, etc.)
Confidential Any information, the disclosure of which could cause grave damage to the organization, environment, business partners, customers, or other third parties (e.g. trade secrets, high-clearance security information, etc.)
CSI/FBI The "Computer Crime and Security Survey" is conducted by CSI (Computer Security Institute) with the participation of the San Francisco Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) Computer Intrusion Squad. The aim of this effort is to raise the level of security awareness, as well as help determine the scope of computer crime in the United States.
Data Information with a specific physical representation. Data can exist in a variety of forms -- as numbers or text on pieces of paper, as bits and bytes stored in electronic computer memory, or as facts stored in a person's mind.
Data Integrity The property that data meet an a priori expectation of quality.
Data Owner Usually a member of senior management of an organization that is ultimately responsible for ensuring the protection and use of the organization's data.
Data Custodian Role delegated by the data owner that has the responsibility of the maintenance and protection of the organization's data.
Degree of Criticality The standard five-category criticality classification scheme is comprised of: highly critical, critical, priority, required, and deferrable. Each of these categories has a time period during which the application or system must be recovered within. The business requirements should determine which category the application or system belongs to.
Dial-up access is a temporary, as opposed to dedicated, connection between two computers (Internet or network) established over a standard phone line, using a modem at each end of the telephone circuit.
Disaster Recovery (DR) is a coordinated activity to enable the recovery of IT/business systems due to a disruption. DR can be achieved by restoring IT/business operations at an alternate location, recovering IT/business operations using alternate equipment, and/or performing some or all of the affected business processes using manual methods.
Disclosure Permitting access, release, transfer, or other communication of confidential, private, or sensitive information, either orally, in writing, by electronic means, or by any other means to any party.
Discretionary Access Control (DAC) A means of restricting access to objects based on the identity and need-to-know o the user, process and/or groups to which they belong. The controls are discretionary in the sense that a subject with a certain access permission is capable of passing that permission (perhaps indirectly) on to any other subject.
Due Care Organization has taken the necessary steps to protect resources and personnel from possible risks. This is usually implemented through the development of security policies, procedures, and standards. If an organization does not practice due care pertaining to the security of its resources and personnel it can be legally liable for negligence and held accountable for the ramifications of that negligence.
Due Diligence Implementing security policies and the mechanisms that support them demonstrates due diligence. The security mechanisms are continually maintained and operational. If an organization does not practice due diligence pertaining to the security of its assets it can be legally liable for negligence and held accountable for the ramifications of that negligence.
Encryption The transformation of plaintext (also called cleartext or that which is in an understandable format) into ciphertext (unreadable format). Encryption is accomplished using an algorithm (set of mathematical functions) and an encryption "key" (secret sequence of bits and instructions).
Exposure A state in a computing system (or set of systems) which is not a universal vulnerability
Firewall utility designed to keep intruders out of a network
Formal Security Policy Model A mathematically precise statement of a security policy. Such a model must represent the initial state of a system, the way in which the system progresses from one state to another state, and a definition of a "secure" state of the system.
Hacking is the unauthorized use, or attempts to circumvent or bypass the security mechanisms of an information system or network. The term "hacker" refers to individuals who gain unauthorized access to computer systems for the purpose of stealing and corrupting data. Hackers, themselves, maintain that the proper term for such individuals is cracker.
Hardware The physical or mechanical devices that comprise a computer system, such as the central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, and mouse, as well as other equipment like printers and speakers. The physical components of a computing system, as contrasted to software -- the logical instructions that manipulate the hardware and work on the data.
Identification The process that enables recognition of an entity by a system, generally by the use of unique machine-readable user names.
Identity Theft Identity theft is the deliberate assumption of another person's identity, usually to gain access to their credit or frame them for some crime. It can also be used to enable illegal immigration, terrorism, espionage, or change identity permanently. It may be a means of blackmail, especially if medical privacy or political privacy has been breached, and revealing the activities undertaken by the thief under the name of the victim would have serious consequences (e.g. loss of job or marriage). Identity theft is usually the result of serious breaches of privacy.
Incident An event that has caused or has the potential to cause damage to an organization's business systems, facilities, or personnel.
Incident Handling Primary goal is to contain and repair any damage caused by an event and to prevent any further damage.
Integrity Sound, unimpaired or perfect condition.
Internal Security Controls Hardware, firmware and software features within a system that restrict access to resources (hardware, software, and data) to authorized subjects only (persons, programs, or devices).
Least Privilege This principle requires that each subject in a system be granted the most restrictive set of privileges (or lowest clearance) needed for the performance of authorized tasks. The application of this principle limits the damage that can result from accident, error, or unauthorized use.
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) A means for restricting access to objects based on the sensitivity (as represented by a label) of the information contained in the objects and the formal authorization (i.e., clearance) of subject to access information.
Networks A computer network is a group of computers that are linked so that information can travel between the computers. The computers could be in the same room and linked via copper cables, or located in different countries, linked by satellites, phone lines or fibre optic cables. The Internet is one of the world's largest networks. Wireless networks transmit information over public airwaves (the same used by television, radio, and cell phones).
OES Office of Enterprise Security.
Penetration The successful act of bypassing the security mechanisms of a system.
Pharming involves Trojans programs, worms, or other virus technologies that attack the Internet browser address bar and is much more sophisticated than phishing. When users type in a valid URL they are redirected to the criminals' websites instead of the intended valid website.
Phishing is the act of tricking someone into giving them confidential information or tricking them into doing something that they normally wouldn't do or shouldn't do. For example: sending an e-mail to a user falsely claiming to be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering private information that will be used for identity theft.
Physical Security Controls:
Key Pads are usually placed near a door to let you operate your system and can function as an input device to allow the user to enter a code for physical access to a secured area. Most often, the keypad informs you of the status of the system (e.g. armed, disarmed, etc.).
Proximity badges are cards/badges that identify individuals to a physical area or computer system using the access control system. If authenticated, access is allowed.
Biometric devices are security devices that verify personal characteristics such as fingerprints, hand size, signatures, voiceprints, or eye pictures for authentication to the access control system.
Pilot A test application or system that is used to determine requirements or issues that may arise when implemented in a production environment. A pilot system is a test system, not a production system.
Production Environment Where an application or system resides that hosts actual / real data (as opposed to test data) or is available on a publicly accessible network or server.
Process A program in execution.
Risk Possibility of something damaging happening (i.e. threat agent exploiting a vulnerability) to a system, environment, or personnel.
Risk Management Process of identifying, assessing, and reducing the risk to an acceptable level and implementing the right mechanisms to maintain that level of risk.
Risk Assessment/Analysis A method of identifying risks and determining the possible damage that could be caused in order to justify security safeguards. The 3 main goals are: identify risks, quantify the impact of the potential threats and provide an economic balance between the impact of risk and the cost of the safeguard.
Safeguard Security countermeasure that operates as a protection mechanism to a threat
SDLC Systems Development Life Cycle is a detailed and specific set of procedures, steps, and documents that carry a project through its technical development. It includes an Initiation Phase, Planning Phase, Functional Design Phase, System Design Phase, Development Phase, Integration and Testing Phase, Installation and Acceptance Phase, and Maintenance Phase.
Security Level The combination of a hierarchical classification and a set of non-hierarchical categories that represents the sensitivity of information.
Security Policy The set of laws, rules, and practices that regulate how an organization manages, protects, and distributes sensitive information.
Security-Relevant Event Any event that attempts to change the security state of the system, (e.g., change discretionary access controls, change the security level of the subject, change user password). Also, any event that attempts to violate the security policy of the system (e.g., too many attempts to log in, attempts to violate the mandatory access control limits of a device, attempts to downgrade a file).
Security Testing A process used to determine that the security features of a system are implemented as designed. This includes hands-on functional testing, penetration testing, and verification.
Software is any data, information, designs, or ideas, which were, are, or will become, computer files, programs, systems of programs, or related input or output data. It may be recorded in any form, including electronically, magnetically, optically, or on paper, and may or may not be located inside a computer system
SOM State of Michigan
Spoofing An attempt to gain access to a system by posing as an authorized user. Synonymous with impersonating, masquerading or mimicking.
Steganography the science of hiding information like text in another medium, such as a graphic file, sound file, or another text file
Test Plan A document or a section of a document that describes the test conditions, data, and coverage of a particular test or group of tests.
Test Program A program which implements the test conditions when initialized with the test data and which collects the results produced by the program being tested.
Threat Possibility that vulnerability may be exploited to cause harm to a system, environment, or personnel.
Unauthorized access is gaining access into any computer, network, storage medium, system, program, file, user area, or other private repository, without the express permission of the owner. Unauthorized access is the same as theft.
Verification The process of comparing two levels of system specification for proper correspondence (e.g., security policy model with top-level specification, top-level specification with source code, or source code with object code). This process may or may not be automated.
Viruses
Virus: A virus is a program or code that attaches itself to a legitimate, executable program, and then reproduces itself when that program is run.
Worm: A self-contained program (or set of programs) that is able to spread copies of itself to other computer systems. Usually takes place through network connections or email attachments. Worm Loves Emily.
Trojan Program: A program that neither replicates nor copies itself, but performs some illicit activity when it is run. It stays in the computer doing its damage or allows somebody from a remote site to take control of the computer.
Visual Basic a program sold by Microsoft that lets you visually designe a program and then write BASIC commands to make the program work.
Vulnerability Any fact about a computer system that is a legitimate security concern
Warez:Widely used to denote cracked or pirate versions of commercial software. In other words, illegal pirated software.
White hat-"hacker" term used to describe a hacker who uses his or her skill for constructive uses such as guarding against malicious black hats
Domain Name Meanings
Domain is the distinguished part of an abstract or physical space where something exists, is performed, or valid. For example, we may talk about: domain of interest, domain of activity. This concept is used in every branch/sector/field of human activity.
.aero -- the air transport industry.
.asia -- companies. organisations and individuals in the Asia-Pacific region
.biz -- business use
.cat -- Catalan language/culture
.com -- commercial organizations, but unrestricted
.coop -- cooperatives
.edu -- post-secondary educational establishments
.gov -- government entities within the United States at the federal, state, and local levels
.info -- informational sites, but unrestricted
.int -- international organizations established by treaty
.jobs -- employment-related sites
.mil -- the U.S. military
.mobi -- sites catering to mobile devices
.museum -- museums
.name -- families and individuals
.net -- originally for network infrastructures, now unrestricted
.org -- originally for organizations not clearly falling within the other gTLDs, now unrestricted
.pro -- certain professions
.tel -- services involving connections between the telephone network and the Internet
.travel -- travel agents, airlines, hoteliers, tourism bureaus, etc.
Vanity ccTLDs
Vanity ccTLDs are TLDs which are used for various purposes outside their home countries, because of their name. For example,
.ad is a ccTLD for Andorra, but has recently been increasingly used by advertising agencies.
.ag is a ccTLD for Antigua and Barbuda and is sometimes used for agricultural sites. In Germany, AG (short for Aktiengesellschaft) is appended to the name of a stock-based company, similar to Inc. in USA.
.am is a ccTLD for Armenia, but is often used for AM radio stations, or for domain hacks (such as .i.am).
.as is a ccTLD for American Samoa. In Denmark and Norway, AS is appended to the name of a stock-based company, similar to Inc. in USA.
.cc is a ccTLD for Cocos (Keeling) Islands but is used for a wide variety of sites.
.cd is a ccTLD for Democratic Republic of Congo but is used for CD merchants and file sharing sites.
.dj is a ccTLD for Djibouti but is used for CD merchants and disc jockeys.
.fm is a ccTLD for the Federated States of Micronesia but it is often used for FM radio stations.
.gg is a ccTLD for Guernsey but it is often used by the gaming and gambling industry (with "gg" being the abbreviation for "good game"), particularly in relation to horse racing.
.im is a ccTLD for the Isle of Man but is often used by instant messaging programs and services.
.in is a ccTLD for India but is widely used in the internet industry.
.it is a ccTLD for Italy but is used in domain hacks (e.g. .has.it).
.je is a ccTLD for Jersey but is often used as a diminutive in Dutch (e.g. "huis.je"), as "you" ("zoek.je" = "search ye!"), or as "I" in French (e.g. "moi.je")
.la is a ccTLD for Laos but is marketed as the TLD for Los Angeles.
.li is a ccTLD for Liechtenstein but is marketed as the TLD for Long Island.
.md is a ccTLD for Moldova, but is marketed exclusively to the medical industry (as in "medical domain" or "medical doctor").
.me is a ccTLD for Montenegro, and is recently opened to individuals.
.mu is a ccTLD for Mauritius, but is used within the music industry.
.nu is a ccTLD for Niue but marketed as resembling "new" in English and "now" in Nordic/Dutch. Also meaning "nude" in French/Portuguese.
.sc is a ccTLD for Seychelles but is often used as .Source
.to is a ccTLD for Tonga but is often used as the English word "to", like "go.to"
.tv is a ccTLD for Tuvalu but it is used for the television ("tv")/entertainment industry purposes.
.ws is a ccTLD for Samoa (earlier Western Samoa), but is marketed as .Website
.vu is a ccTLD for Vanuatu but means "seen" in French as well as an abbreviation for the English language word "view".
List of ccTLDs
*=Foreign registration permitted
.ac – Ascension Island *
.ad – Andorra
.ae – United Arab Emirates
.af – Afghanistan
.ag – Antigua and Barbuda *
.ai – Anguilla
.al – Albania
.am – Armenia *
.an – Netherlands Antilles
.ao – Angola
.aq – Antarctica
.ar – Argentina
.as – American Samoa *
.at – Austria *
.au – Australia
.aw – Aruba
.ax – Åland Islands
.az – Azerbaijan
.ba – Bosnia and Herzegovina
.bb – Barbados
.bd – Bangladesh
.be – Belgium *
.bf – Burkina Faso
.bg – Bulgaria
.bh – Bahrain
.bi – Burundi *
.bj – Benin
.bm – Bermuda
.bn – Brunei
.bo – Bolivia *
.br – Brazil *
.bs – Bahamas *
.bt – Bhutan
.bv – Bouvet Island (not in use; no registrations)
.bw – Botswana
.by – Belarus
.bz – Belize *
.ca – Canada
.cc – Cocos (Keeling) Islands *
.cd – Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly .zr – Zaire) *
.cf – Central African Republic
.cg – Republic of the Congo *
.ch – Switzerland *
.ci – Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)*
.ck – Cook Islands *
.cl – Chile
.cm – Cameroon
.cn – People's Republic of China *
.co – Colombia
.cr – Costa Rica
.cu – Cuba
.cv – Cape Verde
.cx – Christmas Island *
.cy – Cyprus
.cz – Czech Republic
.de – Germany
.dj – Djibouti *
.dk – Denmark *
.dm – Dominica
.do – Dominican Republic
.dz – Algeria
.ec – Ecuador
.ee – Estonia
.eg – Egypt
.eh – Western Sahara (not assigned; no DNS)
.er – Eritrea
.es – Spain *
.et – Ethiopia
.eu – European Union (code "exceptionally reserved" by ISO 3166-1)
.fi – Finland
.fj – Fiji *
.fk – Falkland Islands
.fm – Federated States of Micronesia *
.fo – Faroe Islands
.fr – France
.ga – Gabon
.gb – United Kingdom (Reserved domain by IANA; deprecated – see .uk)
.gd – Grenada
.ge – Georgia
.gf – French Guiana
.gg – Guernsey
.gh – Ghana
.gi – Gibraltar
.gl – Greenland *
.gm – Gambia
.gn – Guinea
.gp – Guadeloupe
.gq – Equatorial Guinea
.gr – Greece *
.gs – South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands *
.gt – Guatemala
.gu – Guam
.gw – Guinea-Bissau
.gy – Guyana
.hk – Hong Kong *
.hm – Heard Island and McDonald Islands *
.hn – Honduras *
.hr – Croatia
.ht – Haiti
.hu – Hungary *
.id – Indonesia
.ie – Ireland
.il – Israel *
.im – Isle of Man *
.in – India *
.io – British Indian Ocean Territory *
.iq – Iraq
.ir – Iran *
.is – Iceland *
.it – Italy
.je – Jersey
.jm – Jamaica
.jo – Jordan
.jp – Japan
.ke – Kenya
.kg – Kyrgyzstan
.kh – Cambodia
.ki – Kiribati
.km – Comoros
.kn – Saint Kitts and Nevis
.kp – North Korea
.kr – South Korea
.kw – Kuwait
.ky – Cayman Islands
.kz – Kazakhstan *
.la – Laos *
.lb – Lebanon
.lc – Saint Lucia
.li – Liechtenstein *
.lk – Sri Lanka
.lr – Liberia
.ls – Lesotho *
.lt – Lithuania
.lu – Luxembourg
.lv – Latvia *
.ly – Libya *
.ma – Morocco
.mc – Monaco
.md – Moldova *
.me – Montenegro
.mg – Madagascar
.mh – Marshall Islands
.mk – Republic of Macedonia
.ml – Mali
.mm – Myanmar
.mn – Mongolia *
.mo – Macau
.mp – Northern Mariana Islands *
.mq – Martinique
.mr – Mauritania
.ms – Montserrat *
.mt – Malta
.mu – Mauritius *
.mv – Maldives
.mw – Malawi *
.mx – Mexico *
.my – Malaysia
.mz – Mozambique
.na – Namibia *
.nc – New Caledonia
.ne – Niger
.nf – Norfolk Island *
.ng – Nigeria
.ni – Nicaragua
.nl – Netherlands *
.no – Norway
.np – Nepal
.nr – Nauru *
.nu – Niue *
.nz – New Zealand *
.nc.tr – North Cyprus *
.om – Oman
.pa – Panama
.pe – Peru
.pf – French Polynesia
.pg – Papua New Guinea
.ph – Philippines *
.pk – Pakistan *
.pl – Poland *
.pm – Saint Pierre and Miquelon
.pn – Pitcairn Islands *
.pr – Puerto Rico *
.ps – Palestine *
.pt – Portugal *
.pw – Palau
.py – Paraguay
.qa – Qatar
.re – Réunion
.ro – Romania *
.rs – Serbia *
.ru – Russia *
.rw – Rwanda
.sa – Saudi Arabia
.sb – Solomon Islands *
.sc – Seychelles *
.sd – Sudan
.se – Sweden *
.sg – Singapore
.sh – Saint Helena *
.si – Slovenia
.sj – Svalbard and Jan Mayen islands (not in use; no registrations)
.sk – Slovakia
.sl – Sierra Leone
.sm – San Marino *
.sn – Senegal
.so – Somalia * (down, still is delegated to Monolith [ml.org] Philadelphia, an entity defunct since end-1998)
.sr – Suriname *
.st – São Tomé and Príncipe *
.su – Soviet Union (deprecated; being phased out; code "transitionally reserved" by ISO 3166-1)
.sv – El Salvador
.sy – Syria *
.sz – Swaziland *
.tc – Turks and Caicos Islands
.td – Chad
.tf – French Southern Territories
.tg – Togo *
.th – Thailand *
.tj – Tajikistan *
.tk – Tokelau *
.tl – East Timor (formerly .tp) *
.tm – Turkmenistan *
.tn – Tunisia
.to – Tonga *
.tp – East Timor (deprecated – use .tl; code "transitionally reserved" by ISO 3166-1)
.tr – Turkey
.tt – Trinidad and Tobago *
.tv – Tuvalu *
.tw – Taiwan *
.tz – Tanzania
.ua – Ukraine
.ug – Uganda *
.uk – United Kingdom (code "exceptionally reserved" by ISO 3166-1) (see also .gb)
.us – United States *
.uy – Uruguay
.uz – Uzbekistan
.va – Vatican City
.vc – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines *
.ve – Venezuela
.vg – British Virgin Islands *
.vi – United States Virgin Islands
.vn – Vietnam
.vu – Vanuatu *
.wf – Wallis and Futuna
.ws – Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) *
.ye – Yemen
.yt – Mayotte
.yu – Serbia and Montenegro
.za – South Africa *
.zm – Zambia
.zw – Zimbabwe
Vista’s Keyboard Shortcuts
General
These shortcuts can make your computer easier to use
ALT+double-click
Display properties for the selected item
ALT+ENTER
Display properties for the selected item
ALT+ESC
Cycle through items in the order in which they were opened
ALT+F4
Close the active item, or exit the active program
ALT+PRINT SCREEN
Copies an image of the selected window to the clipboard
ALT+SPACEBAR
Open the shortcut menu for the active window
ALT+TAB
Switch between open items
ALT+underlined letter
Perform the menu command (or other underlined command)
ALT+Up Arrow
View the folder one level up in Windows Explorer
CTRL+A
Select all items in a document or window
CTRL+ALT+DEL
Displays options for: Lock This Computer, Switch User, LogOff, Change a Password and Start Task Manager
CTRL+ALT+TAB
Use the arrow keys to switch between open items
CTRL+C
Copy the selected item
CTRL+Down Arrow
Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph
CTRL+ESC
Open the Start menu
CTRL+F4
Close the active document (in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
CTRL+Left Arrow
Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word
CTRL+Right Arrow
Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word
CTRL+SHIFT with an arrow key
Select a block of text
CTRL+SHIFT+ESC
Open Task Manager
CTRL+Up Arrow
Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph
CTRL+V
Paste the selected item
CTRL+X
Cut the selected item
CTRL+Y
Redo an action
CTRL+Z
Undo an action
DELETE
Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin
ESC
Cancel the current task
F1
Display Help
F10
Activate the menu bar in the active program
F2
Rename the selected item
F3
Search for a file or folder
F4
Display the Address bar list in Windows Explorer
F5
Refresh the active window
F6
Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop
Left ALT+Left SHIFT+NUM LOCK
Turn Mouse Keys on or off
Left ALT+Left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (or PRTSCRN)
Turn High Contrast on or off
Left Arrow
Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu
NUM LOCK for five seconds
Turn Toggle Keys on or off
PRINT SCREEN
Copies an image of the entire screen to the clipboard
Right Arrow
Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu
Right SHIFT for eight seconds
Turn Filter Keys on and off
SHIFT five times
Turn Sticky Keys on or off
SHIFT when inserting a CD
Prevent the CD from automatically playing
SHIFT with any arrow key
Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document
SHIFT+DELETE
Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle Bin first
SHIFT+F10
Display the shortcut menu for the selected item
SHIFT+right-click
Shows alternative commands for the selected object
Microsoft Keyboard Only
The following shortcuts require the key, originally found only on Microsoft brand keyboards, but now almost universal on any PC keyboard.
Open or close the Start menu
+ CTRL +F
Search for computers (if you are on a network)
+ CTRL +TAB
Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Windows Flip 3-D
+BREAK
Display the System Properties dialog box
+D
Display the desktop
+E
Open Computer
+F
Search for a file or folder
+G
Cycle through Sidebar gadgets
+L
Lock your computer (if you are connected to a network domain), or switch users (if you’re not connected to a network domain)
+M
Minimize all windows
+R
Open the Run dialog box
+SHIFT+M
Restore minimized windows to the desktop
+SPACEBAR
Bring all gadgets to the front and select Windows Sidebar
+T
Cycle through programs on the taskbar
+TAB
Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Windows Flip 3-D
+U
Open Ease of Access Center
+X
Open Windows Mobility Center
Dialog Boxes
The following shortcuts will work in dialog boxes.
ALT+underlined letter
Perform the command (or select the option) that goes with that letter
Arrow keys
Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons
BACKSPACE
Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Move back through tabs
CTRL+TAB
Move forward through tabs
ENTER
Replaces clicking the mouse for many selected commands
F1
Display Help
F4
Display the items in the active list
SHIFT+TAB
Move back through options
SPACEBAR
Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box
TAB
Move forward through options
Windows Explorer
The following shortcuts will work in dialog boxes.
ALT+D
Select the Address bar
ALT+Left Arrow
View the previous folder
ALT+Right Arrow
View the next folder
END
Display the bottom of the active window
HOME
Display the top of the active window
Left Arrow
Collapse the current selection (if it is expanded), or select the parent folder
NUM LOCK+ASTERISK (*) on numeric keypad
Display all subfolders under the selected folder
NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN (-) on numeric keypad
Collapse the selected folder
NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN (+) on numeric keypad
Display the contents of the selected folder
Right Arrow
Display the current selection (if it is collapsed), or select the first subfolder
Windows Vista Media Center
Windows Vista Media Center - Keyboard
The following shortcuts are used to navigate the keyboard.
+ALT+ENTER
Open Windows Media Center or return to the Windows Media Center start screen
ALT+ENTER
Go in and go out of windowed mode
ALT+F4
Close Windows Media Center
Arrow Keys
Move left, right, up, or down
BACKSPACE
Go back to the previous screen
END
Go to the last item in a list
ENTER
Accept the selection
HOME
Go to the first item in a list
PAGE DOWN
Go to the next page
PAGE UP
Go to the previous page
Windows Vista Media Center - Audio
The following shortcuts are used to control audio.
CTRL+B
Replay an audio file or song
CTRL+D
Display the context menu
CTRL+F
Skip to the next song
CTRL+M
Go to Music
CTRL+P
Pause or resume an audio file or song
CTRL+R
Rip a CD
CTRL+SHIFT+C
Turn on or turn off closed captioning
CTRL+SHIFT+F
Fast forward a song
CTRL+SHIFT+P
Play an audio file or song
F10
Turn up volume
F8
Mute volume
F9
Turn down volume
Windows Vista Media Center - TV
The following shortcuts are used to control the TV.
CTRL+B
Skip back
CTRL+D
Display the context menu
CTRL+F
Skip forward
CTRL+G
Go to the Guide
CTRL+O
Go to Recorded TV
CTRL+P
Pause or resume live TV or recorded TV
CTRL+R
Record a TV show
CTRL+SHIFT+B
Rewind live TV or recorded TV
CTRL+SHIFT+F
Fast forward live TV or recorded TV
CTRL+SHIFT+P
Resume playing a TV show
CTRL+SHIFT+S
Stop recording or stop playing a TV show
CTRL+T
Go to live TV
PAGE DOWN
Go to the previous channel
PAGE UP
Go to the next channel
Windows Vista Media Center - Radio
The following shortcuts are used to play the Radio.
CTRL+A
Go to Radio
CTRL+B
Skip back
CTRL+D
Display the context menu
CTRL+F
Skip forward
CTRL+P
Pause or resume live radio
CTRL+SHIFT+P
Resume playing radio
CTRL+SHIFT+S
Stop live radio
Windows Vista Media Center - Pictures
The following shortcuts are used to view pictures.
CTRL+D
Display the context menu
CTRL+I
Go to Pictures
CTRL+P
Pause a slide show
CTRL+SHIFT+P
Play a slide show
CTRL+SHIFT+P
Play
CTRL+SHIFT+S
Stop a slide show
Down Arrow or Right Arrow
Skip forward to the next picture
ENTER
Zoom a picture in Picture Details
Up Arrow or Left Arrow
Skip back to the previous picture
Windows Vista Media Center - Videos
The following shortcuts are used to play videos.
CTRL+B
Skip back
CTRL+E
Go to Videos
CTRL+F
Skip forward
CTRL+P
Pause
CTRL+SHIFT+B
Rewind
CTRL+SHIFT+F
Fast Forward
CTRL+SHIFT+S
Stop
Windows Vista Media Center - DVDs
The following shortcuts are used to play DVDs.
Arrow Keys
Change the DVD angle
CTRL+B
Go to the previous chapter
CTRL+F
Go to the next chapter
CTRL+P
Pause
CTRL+SHIFT+A
Change the DVD audio selection
CTRL+SHIFT+B
Rewind
CTRL+SHIFT+F
Fast forward
CTRL+SHIFT+M
Go to the DVD menu
CTRL+SHIFT+P
Play
CTRL+SHIFT+S
Stop
CTRL+U
Change the DVD subtitles selection
Internet Explorer 7
Internet Explorer 7 - General
The following shortcuts are used to view and explore web pages in Internet Explorer 7.
ALT+ENTER
Open your search query in a new tab
ALT+H
Open the Help menu
ALT+HOME
Go to your home page
ALT+J
Open the RSS menu
ALT+L
Open the Help menu
ALT+Left Arrow
Go to the previous page
ALT+M
Open the Home menu
ALT+N
Move focus to the Information bar
ALT+O
Open the Tools menu
ALT+P
Open the Page menu
ALT+R
Open the Print menu
ALT+Right Arrow
Go to the next page
ALT+T
Open the Tools menu
BACKSPACE
Go to the previous page
CTRL+0
Zoom to 100%
CTRL+A
Select all items on the current webpage
CTRL+C
Copy the selected items to the Clipboard
CTRL+Down Arrow
Open the search provider menu
CTRL+E
Go to the search box
CTRL+F
Find on this page
CTRL+F5
Refresh the current webpage, even if the time stamp for the web version and your locally stored version are the same
CTRL+H
Open History
CTRL+I
Open Favorites
CTRL+J
Open Feeds
CTRL+Minus
Decrease zoom (- 10%)
CTRL+N
Open a new window
CTRL+O
Open a new website or page
CTRL+P
Print the current page or active frame
CTRL+Plus
Increase zoom (+ 10%)
CTRL+S
Save the current page
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Move backward between frames (only works if tabbed browsing is disabled)
CTRL+TAB
Move forward through frames and browser elements (only works if tabbed browsing is disabled)
CTRL+V
Insert the contents of the Clipboard at the selected location
CTRL+W
Close the current window (if you only have one tab open)
CTRL+X
Remove the selected items and copy them to the Clipboard
Down Arrow
Scroll toward the end of a document
END
Move to the end of a document
ENTER
Activate a selected link
ESC
Stop downloading a page
F1
Display Help
F11
Toggle between full-screen and regular views of the browser window
F5
Refresh the current webpage
F6
Move forward through frames and browser elements (only works if tabbed browsing is disabled)
HOME
Move to the beginning of a document
PAGE DOWN
Scroll toward the end of a document in larger increments
PAGE UP
Scroll toward the beginning of a document in larger increments
SHIFT+F10
Display a shortcut menu for a link
SHIFT+TAB
Move back through the items on a webpage, the Address bar, or the Links bar
SPACE
Click the Information bar
TAB
Move forward through the items on a webpage, the Address bar, or the Links bar
Up Arrow
Scroll toward the beginning of a document
Internet Explorer 7 - Tabs
The following shortcuts are used to work with tabs in Internet Explorer 7.
ALT+ENTER
Open a new tab in the foreground from the Address bar
CTRL+9
Switch to the last tab
CTRL+ALT+F4
Close other tabs
CTRL+click
Open links in a new tab in the background
CTRL+Q
Toggle Quick Tabs (thumbnail view) on or off
CTRL+SHIFT+click
Open links in a new tab in the foreground
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Switch between tabs
CTRL+T
Open a new tab in the foreground
CTRL+TAB
Switch between tabs
CTRL+W
Close current tab (or the current window if tabbed browsing is disabled)
CTRL+[n]
Switch to a specific tab number, where [n] is the number of the tab (from 1 to
Internet Explorer 7 - Print Preview
The following shortcuts are used to work with print preview in Internet Explorer 7.
ALT+A
Type the number of the page you want displayed
ALT+C
Close Print Preview
ALT+END
Display the last page to be printed
ALT+F
Specify how you want frames to print (this option is available only if you are printing a webpage that uses frames)
ALT+HOME
Display the first page to be printed
ALT+Left Arrow
Display the previous page to be printed
ALT+P
Set printing options and print the page
ALT+Right Arrow
Display the next page to be printed
ALT+U
Change paper, headers and footers, orientation, and margins for this page
Internet Explorer 7 - Address Bar
The following shortcuts are used to work with the address bar in Internet Explorer 7.
ALT+D
Select the text in the Address bar
CTRL+ENTER
Add “www.” to the beginning and “.com” to the end of the text typed in the Address bar
CTRL+Left Arrow
When in the Address bar, move the cursor left to the next logical break in the address (period or slash)
CTRL+Right Arrow
When in the Address bar, move the cursor right to the next logical break in the address (period or slash)
Down Arrow
Move back through the list of AutoComplete matches
F4
Display a list of addresses you’ve typed
Up Arrow
Move forward through the list of AutoComplete matches
Internet Explorer 7 - Feeds/History/Favorites
The following shortcuts are used to work with feeds, history, and favorites in Internet Explorer 7.
ALT+A
Open the Favorites menu from the menu bar
ALT+C
Open Favorites Center and display your favorites
ALT+Down Arrow
Move selected item down in the Favorites list in the Organize Favorites dialog box
ALT+I
Display all feeds (when in feed view)
ALT+M
Mark a feed as read (when in feed view)
ALT+S
Put cursor in Search box in feed view
ALT+Up Arrow
Move selected item up in the Favorites list in the Organize Favorites dialog box
ALT+Z
Open Add to Favorites menu (or open Subscribe to feed when in feed preview)
CTRL+B
Open the Organize Favorites dialog box
CTRL+D
Add the current page to your favorites (or subscribe to the feed when in feed preview)
CTRL+H
Open Favorites Center and display your history
CTRL+J
Open Favorites Center and display your feeds
CTRL+SHIFT+J
Open and dock the Favorites Center and display your feeds
Command Line
The following shortcuts are used to work within the Command Line window.
ALT+F7
Clear all entries in command buffer
Ctrl+Left Arrow
Move back one word
Ctrl+Right Arrow Move forward one word
Down Arrow
Display next command entered
End
Move to the end of line
ESC
Erase current line
F1
Repeat first character typed in preceding line (hit again for next)
F2
Repeat first character typed in preceding line up to a character you are prompted to enter
F3
Repeat text typed in preceding line
F7
Show all entries in command buffer
F9
Allows you to directly type in the number of the command you wish to activate from the command buffer.
Home
Move to beginning of line
PAGE DOWN
Display newest command entered
PAGE UP
Display oldest command entered
Up Arrow
Display previous command entered
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If I missed anything please post it here.
If I made any spelling or grammatical mistakes please tell me.
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Regards, StopAndStare